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French
In French, “composition” refers to a specific form of writing, a constructed argument: “The action (the art) of forming a coherent whole by assembling discursive elements that are presented as an organic unit” (Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l’éducation et de la formation, p. 202). The mastery of French discourse and of the “composition française” as literary exercises dominated the 1800s (Collinot and Mazière, 1999).
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English
This key component in university writing defines the field: composition theory. The field treats the theorizing of teaching and learning to write in higher education, at first in the first-year composition course but then across the university experience, in all disciplines, as linked with professional writing, or with sociocultural situations outside of the university, in relation to writing in secondary education, and so on. The meaning of “composing” is very specific, founded simultaneously on the nature of the act of creation, and on the meaning of the opposition between written product and the act of production. The influence of cognitive studies on the acquisition of writing is also a factor in this perspective that poses composition as the principal and complex act of writing—social, cognitive, and intellectual—to study and to theorize.
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