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French
The word “plagiarism” designates approximately the same thing in French and in English, stealing from others’ works by presenting texts, parts of texts, or ideas without giving credit. But what counts as plagiarism appears to be quite different. Students in high school, for example, write essays without receiving any negative feedback on the borrowing they often do from texts they’ve read, without citing or quoting.
edit Plagiat
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English
The direct theft (for example, buying one’s paper from an Internet service) aside, plagiarism consists of any integration into one’s essay of a piece of text, a sentence, part of a sentence, a paraphrase, or an idea, without specific attribution. For some, the act of paraphrase by modeling one’s text on the style, syntactic structure, or organization of a text, even with explicit citation, is also plagiarism (sometimes called “close paraphrase”). This fairly severe understanding of plagiarism is criticized by, among others, translation theorists, for whom “copying” is part of literary acts and tradition. Barnstone suggests, for example, that who we define as “author” can be quite traditional or quite intertextual.
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